Review




Structured Review

Avista Pharma Solutions Inc ballard mark v pemfc stacks
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
Ballard Mark V Pemfc Stacks, supplied by Avista Pharma Solutions Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/ballard+mark+pemfc+stacks+v/pmc12876966-187-58-54
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ballard mark v pemfc stacks - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars

Images

1) Product Images from "Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization"

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

Journal: Scientific Reports

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

The schematic diagram of a PEMFC.
Figure Legend Snippet: The schematic diagram of a PEMFC.

Techniques Used:

Electrical model of a PEMFC.
Figure Legend Snippet: Electrical model of a PEMFC.

Techniques Used:

Objective function values obtained from each run of the THRO for: ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: Objective function values obtained from each run of the THRO for: ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Techniques Used:

The convergence curves of different algorithms during the parameter extraction process of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: The convergence curves of different algorithms during the parameter extraction process of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Techniques Used: Extraction

Box plot of different algorithms for ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W PEMFC stacks, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: Box plot of different algorithms for ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W PEMFC stacks, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V stacks.

Techniques Used:

Mean rankings from Friedman test of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: Mean rankings from Friedman test of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Techniques Used:

Estimated I-V polarization curves using THRO and experimental curves of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: Estimated I-V polarization curves using THRO and experimental curves of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Techniques Used:

Model validation curves and experimental data of 250W PEMFC stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: Model validation curves and experimental data of 250W PEMFC stacks.

Techniques Used: Biomarker Discovery

Variation of hydrogen and oxygen pressures, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) Horizon 500W ( c ) BCS 500W ( d ) Avista SR-12, and ( e ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: Variation of hydrogen and oxygen pressures, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) Horizon 500W ( c ) BCS 500W ( d ) Avista SR-12, and ( e ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Techniques Used:

Temperature variation, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) BCS 500W ( c ) Avista SR-12, and ( d ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.
Figure Legend Snippet: Temperature variation, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) BCS 500W ( c ) Avista SR-12, and ( d ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Techniques Used:

Related Articles

other:

Article Title: Load Transient Mitigation for Stand-Alone Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems
Article Snippet: In this paper, a load transient mitigation technique for stand-alone fuel cell (FC)–battery power generation systems is proposed.. The technique can be used not only to improve the output power quality of the overall system, but also to mitigate or eliminate the electrical feedback stresses that are caused by load transients upon fuel cells.. As a result, the durability of the fuel cell can also be improved.

Article Title: Fuel cells and load transients
Article Snippet: 58 IEEE power & energy magazine january/february 20071540-7977/07/$25.00©2007 IEEE © A R T V IL LE , L LC /G E T T Y IM A G E S F FUEL CELLS ARE STATIC ENERGY CONVERSION devices that convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy directly.. Compared with conventional power generation systems, they have many advantages, such as high efficiency, zero or low emission (of pollutant gases), and flexible modular structure.. Fuel cells are expected to play an important role in future distributed generation (DG) applications.

Article Title: Parameter extraction of fuel cells using hybrid interior search algorithm
Article Snippet: 2854 © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Summary Precise modelling of fuel cells is very important for understanding their functioning.. In this work, an application of hybrid interior search algorithm (HISA) is proposed to extract the parameters of fuel cells for their electromechanical equations based on nonlinear current‐voltage characteristics.. Proposed hybridised algorithm has been developed using evolutionary mutation and crossover operators so as to enhance the modelling capability of interior search algorithm (ISA).

Article Title: Resolving Power Quality Issues Raised by Aerodynamic Aspects of Wind Turbine in Isolated Microgrids Using Fuel Cell/Electrolyzer System
Article Snippet: This paper shows how the power quality issues can be resolved in wind-diesel microgrids by means of a fuel cell/electrolyzer (FC/ELZ) system.. In this regard, an autonomous hybrid power system, including a diesel generator and a fixedspeed wind turbine (FSWT) equipped with a FC/ELZ system, has been investigated.. The main aim of employing the FC/ELZ system is to reduce fuel consumption and mitigate the aerodynamic effects of wind turbine (i.e., tower shadow, wind shears, yaw error, and turbulence) on power quality in the microgrid.

Article Title: Real coded GA optimized fuzzy logic controlled PEMFC based Dynamic Voltage Restorer for reparation of voltage disturbances in distribution system
Article Snippet: A voltage disturbance is one of the major power quality problems in electric power distribution system.. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is the effective device for compensation of voltage based power quality problems in distribution system.. In this paper, the DVR is modelled to protect sensitive load from source side voltage disturbances under nonlinear load conditions.

Article Title: Advancements in Model Parameter Estimation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via Enhanced Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm
Article Snippet: Simulation Results for the Third Stack (AVISTA SR 12 PEMFC).

Article Title: Synergy of ($${\text{H}}_{2}$$, $${\text{H}}_{\infty }$$) norms for nonlinear optimal PEMFC dynamic MIMO model reduction using a novel EAO approach
Article Snippet: In this paper, a new nature-inspired Artificial Ecosystem Optimization (AEO) methodology is presented for reducing the complexity of nonlinear PEMFC SR-12 500 W system.. From the point view of this system, the hydrogen and oxygen pressures PH2 1⁄4 60 atm, PO2 1⁄4 30 atm as two inputs, the cell voltage and current as two outputs.By implementation of identification technique, the state space model of PEMFC stack is generated using nlarx modelling procedures where the obtained model is reduced their order by AEO method.. The AEO mimics the energy flow behaviour between living organisms in a natural ecosystem, including production, consumption, and decomposition.This algorithm minimize the synergy (H2;H1) norm of error between full PEMFC model and reduced order model.



Similar Products

86
Temasek Laboratories horizon h 1000xp pemfc stack
Horizon H 1000xp Pemfc Stack, supplied by Temasek Laboratories, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/1000xp+h+horizon+pemfc+stack/pm42288563-116-17-21
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
horizon h 1000xp pemfc stack - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Avista Pharma Solutions Inc ballard mark v pemfc stacks
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
Ballard Mark V Pemfc Stacks, supplied by Avista Pharma Solutions Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/ballard+mark+pemfc+stacks+v/pmc12876966-187-58-54
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ballard mark v pemfc stacks - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
MathWorks Inc 6 kw, 45 v pemfc stack
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
6 Kw, 45 V Pemfc Stack, supplied by MathWorks Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/10__1007_slash_s12206___024___1146___1-69-7-15
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
6 kw, 45 v pemfc stack - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
Avista Pharma Solutions Inc sr-12 500 w pemfc stack
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
Sr 12 500 W Pemfc Stack, supplied by Avista Pharma Solutions Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/fuel+cell+stack+sr+12/10__1016_slash_j__asej__2024__103089-190-25-23
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
sr-12 500 w pemfc stack - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
COMSOL Inc 3d pemfc stack model
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
3d Pemfc Stack Model, supplied by COMSOL Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/pemfc+model/10__37934_slash_arnht__27__1__113-49-7-12
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
3d pemfc stack model - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
Avista Pharma Solutions Inc third stack avista sr 12 pemfc
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
Third Stack Avista Sr 12 Pemfc, supplied by Avista Pharma Solutions Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/fuel+cell+stack+sr+12/10__1155_slash_2024_slash_7616065-309-4-6
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
third stack avista sr 12 pemfc - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
MathWorks Inc pemfc stack of 250w
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
Pemfc Stack Of 250w, supplied by MathWorks Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/10__1155_slash_2024_slash_7616065-343-16-10
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pemfc stack of 250w - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
Avista Pharma Solutions Inc 250-w pemfcs stack units
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
250 W Pemfcs Stack Units, supplied by Avista Pharma Solutions Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/250+w+pemfcs+stack+units/10__1155_slash_2024_slash_7616065-184-9-9
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
250-w pemfcs stack units - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
MathWorks Inc pemfc stack
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
Pemfc Stack, supplied by MathWorks Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/10__1016_slash_j__rser__2021__111908-457-4-9
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pemfc stack - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
Avista Pharma Solutions Inc 500 w sr-12 pemfc stack
The schematic diagram of a <t>PEMFC.</t>
500 W Sr 12 Pemfc Stack, supplied by Avista Pharma Solutions Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pemfc+stack/fuel+cell+stack+sr+12/10__1007_slash_s13198___021___01485___1-68-21-30
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
500 w sr-12 pemfc stack - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

Image Search Results


The schematic diagram of a PEMFC.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: The schematic diagram of a PEMFC.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques:

Electrical model of a PEMFC.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrical model of a PEMFC.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques:

Objective function values obtained from each run of the THRO for: ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Objective function values obtained from each run of the THRO for: ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques:

The convergence curves of different algorithms during the parameter extraction process of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: The convergence curves of different algorithms during the parameter extraction process of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques: Extraction

Box plot of different algorithms for ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W PEMFC stacks, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box plot of different algorithms for ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W PEMFC stacks, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques:

Mean rankings from Friedman test of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean rankings from Friedman test of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques:

Estimated I-V polarization curves using THRO and experimental curves of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Estimated I-V polarization curves using THRO and experimental curves of ( a ) NedStack PS6, ( b ) Horizon 500W, ( c ) BCS 500W, ( d ) 250W, ( e ) Avista SR-12, and ( f ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques:

Model validation curves and experimental data of 250W PEMFC stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model validation curves and experimental data of 250W PEMFC stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Variation of hydrogen and oxygen pressures, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) Horizon 500W ( c ) BCS 500W ( d ) Avista SR-12, and ( e ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Variation of hydrogen and oxygen pressures, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) Horizon 500W ( c ) BCS 500W ( d ) Avista SR-12, and ( e ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques:

Temperature variation, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) BCS 500W ( c ) Avista SR-12, and ( d ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell design parameters using Tianji’s horse racing optimization

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35200-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temperature variation, V–I curves for ( a ) NedStack PS6 ( b ) BCS 500W ( c ) Avista SR-12, and ( d ) Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks.

Article Snippet: In particular, THRO achieves the lowest sum of squared errors (SSE), with values of 2.06, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.12 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.16 \times 10^{-2}$$\end{document} , 5.25, 1.056, and 0.813 for the NedStack PS6, Horizon 500W, BCS 500W, 250W, Avista SR-12 , and Ballard Mark V PEMFC stacks, respectively.

Techniques: